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Dangerous goods transport for liquids

How a fuel or chemical container moves legally by road, sea and air.

A container that holds a hazardous liquid is only half the job. Moving it legally means classifying the goods and meeting the transport rules for the mode. This is background, not a compliance ruling; confirm the rules for your route.

Classify the goods

Each hazardous liquid has a UN number and a hazard class. Fuels are Class 3, flammable liquids. Acids and alkalis are often Class 8, corrosive. The class and the UN number drive everything that follows.

Packing groups

A packing group states the degree of danger: I is high, II is medium, III is low. Most fuels sit in Packing Group II or III. The packing group sets the performance the packaging must meet, which ties to the UN packaging code on the container.

The rules by mode

  • Road: ADR in Europe, and equivalent national rules elsewhere.
  • Sea: the IMDG Code.
  • Air: the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations, the strictest of the three.

Each sets packaging, marking, labelling and documentation requirements for the class and packing group.

Where the container fits

The container carries a UN packaging code proving it passed the drop, stack, leakproof and pressure tests for its packing group. That code is what a carrier checks. Read our guide to UN packaging codes for how to read it.

What a shipper needs

To ship, you need the correct UN-coded packaging, the right marking and labels, and dangerous-goods documentation for the mode. Confirm your exact liquid's classification and your route's rules before you book.

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